Resources
| Chronology: |  |
- 1953: J. Watson and F. Crick discover the double helix structure of DNA, the genetic information of all living beings;
- 1972: H. Khorana and his collaborators carry out the first synthesis of a gene, a transfer RNA of yeast (77 base pairs);
- 1975: "Asilomar Conference", where biologists, doctors and lawyers first discussed the potential hazards of recombinant DNA and made recommendations for the regulation of this technology;
- 1977: development of DNA sequencing: chemical degradation (A. Maxam and W. Gilbert) and enzymatic synthesis (F. Sanger);
- 1978: first genome sequenced, the virus PhiX174;
- 1995: first bacterial genome sequenced, Haemophilus influenzae;
- 2000: human genome sequenced;
- synthesis in 14 days of the virus phiX174 (5386 base pairs) at the J. Craig Venter Institute;
- 2004: "Synthetic Biology", first international conference on synthetic biology, MIT;
- 2005: L. Y. Chan, S. Kosuri and D. Endy redesign the bacteriophage T7;
- 2005: first international competition on synthetic biology, iGEM.
Websites on synthetic biology:
Educational websites on molecular biology:
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www.snv.jussieu.fr/bmedia/sommaires/gbm.html 
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www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/About/primer 
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www.bioclips.com 
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http://publications.nigms.nih.gov/insidethecell 
Reports on synthetic biology:
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Synthetic Biology: Applying Engineering to Biology, report of a NEST High-Level Expert Group, European Commission (2005, 44 pages, pdf, 0.47 MB) ; 
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Synthetic Biology: scope, applications and implications, The Royal Academy of Engineering, Royaume-Unis (2009, 64 pages, pdf, 0,97 MB) ; 
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Extreme Genetic Engineering - An Introduction to Synthetic Biology, ETC Group, Canada (2007, 72 pages, pdf, 0.98 MB). 
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Les Enjeux de la Biologie de Synthèse, Geneviève Fioraso, OPECST, France (2012, 225 pages, pdf, 1.62 MB, in French). 
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